Essay --

Jonathan EtraProfessor Eric BlanchardInternational Politics 13 February 2014Word Count 1331Shifting Paradigms An abridgment of Conflict and Cooperation in International PoliticsWhen seeking to understand the central problems that actors face in international politics, there are no universal tools, including paradigms and levels of analysis, that one-sidedly account for the global state of affairs. However, by utilizing these instruments, political scientists are able to analyze situations independently and account for context. Paradigms are statements of the underlying assumptions used by a school of analysis such as realism, liberalism and constructivism (Nye & Welch, 62). The models often explore levels of analysis, which include individual actors, states and the global ashes. Historically, when considering cooperation and conflict in the international arena, much emphasis has been rigid on realist theory. However, it seems that a new age of technological innovation and rapid g lobalization has spawned new avenues for liberalism to triumph. This transition is best explained done the lens of constructivism. By exploring the vary applicability of the paradigms presented, one gains a greater understanding of the ever-evolving international arena. First, it is important to consider the anarchic system of states, the current form of earthly concern politics. In the wide-open system, states are unboundedly independent and are neither obligated to, nor protected by international law (Doyle, 114). In what is often referred to as the Westphalian model, states are political entities that come territoriality and autonomy. Territoriality means that a states authority extends over a defined area. Autonomy infers that external act... ... However, the increasingly interdependent nature of the international system has substantially augmented international collaboration. While such cooperation cannot ensure peace, it certainly has made the cost of war much greater. C onstructivism and liberalism, unlike the Hobbesian realist perspective, take mitigating institutions into account when analyzing world order. They reason that self-help theory does not dominate and contend that when a system is more social, laws, rules and norms play a greater role. Yet, there are still situations in which the channels of alleviation do not exist and the realist perspective still dominates. Ultimately, while no universal system of analysis exists, by reviewing conflict and cooperation through varying lenses, namely realism, liberalism and constructivism, one can gain a considerable understanding of international politics.